Radiographic Testing (RT) utilizes X-ray or gamma ray technology to detect internal defects in castings and fabricated components.
Radiographic Testing (RT) produces a permanent visual record of a casting's internal condition — making it the preferred method for quality certification, dispute resolution, and acceptance inspection for high-value or safety-critical components. Unlike ultrasonic testing, radiography provides an intuitive image that customers and end-users can directly interpret.
We perform both conventional film radiography and digital radiography (DR). Film radiography uses industrial X-ray film with lead screens and produces high-resolution images suitable for long-term archival. Digital radiography uses flat-panel detectors or image plates (CR), providing instant image capture and the ability to apply digital enhancement tools for improved defect visibility.
Exposure parameters — kV, mA, SFD (source-to-film distance), and exposure time — are calculated per ASTM E94, ASME Section V Article 2, EN 444, and IS 1182 to achieve the required image quality indicator (IQI / penetrameter) sensitivity. Inspection is performed by Level II and Level III certified radiographers (ASNT / PCN).
Defect types detectable include gas porosity, shrinkage (macro and micro), cold shuts, cracks, inclusions (sand, slag, metallic), and incomplete weld fusion. Reports include radiographic images, defect mapping, and accept/reject determination per ASTM E446 (steel castings) or equivalent acceptance standard.
Applicable to steel and iron castings, aluminium castings, weld joints in pressure vessels, pipelines, and structural fabrications for oil & gas, power, defence, and export-quality inspection requirements.
X-ray machines offer adjustable energy (kV) giving better image contrast for thin to medium thickness castings (up to ~100 mm steel). Gamma ray sources (Ir-192, Co-60) are portable and suitable for field inspection of thick sections or complex geometries where equipment access is limited. We select the appropriate source based on material thickness, geometry, and site conditions.
For digital radiography, preliminary results are available within hours of inspection. Film radiography requires darkroom processing time (2–4 hours) plus interpretation. A formal written report with image attachments is typically issued within 1–2 working days of inspection completion.
Yes, portable X-ray equipment and gamma ray sources allow on-site radiography. We set up a controlled radiation exclusion zone per AERB (India) regulations and applicable safety requirements. On-site RT is particularly cost-effective for large castings that are difficult to transport.
